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Grammatical article in English

The () is a grammatical commodity in English, cogent persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. The is the virtually frequently used word in the English language language; studies and analyses of texts take establish it to account for seven per centum of all printed English-linguistic communication words.^[one] It is derived from gendered articles in Former English which combined in Middle English and now has a unmarried grade used with pronouns of any gender.^[a] The word tin can exist used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter of the alphabet. This is different from many other languages, which take different forms of the definite article for dissimilar genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and every bit /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed past a vowel audio or used every bit an emphatic form.^[2]

Modern American and New Zealand English have an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and use /ðə/, even earlier a vowel.^{[3] [4]}

Sometimes the discussion "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the skillful", not just "an" skillful in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English are described under "Use of articles". The, as in phrases like "the more the improve", has a distinct origin and etymology and by gamble has evolved to be identical to the definite article.^[v]

Commodity

The and that are common developments from the same Old English language arrangement. Old English had a definite article se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Middle English, these had all merged into þe, the ancestor of the Modern English discussion the.^{[half dozen]}

Geographic usage

An area in which the utilise or non-use of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

• notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, island groups (archipelagoes) and and so on – are generally used with a "the" definite commodity (the Rhine, the Due north Ocean, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
• continents, private islands, administrative units and settlements by and large do not have a "the" commodity (Europe, Jura, Austria (but the Commonwealth of Republic of austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (only the Canton of York), Madrid).
• beginning with a mutual noun followed by of may take the article, as in the Isle of Wight or the Isle of Portland (compare Christmas Island), same applies to names of institutions: Cambridge University, but the University of Cambridge.
• Some identify names include an article, such as the Bronx, The Oaks, The Stone, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Village, The Village (NJ), The Hamlet (OK), The Villages, The Village at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the West End, the E End, The Hague, or the City of London (only London). Formerly e.chiliad. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.^[7]
• generally described singular names, the N Island (New Zealand) or the West Land (England), accept an article.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, well-nigh exclude "the" simply there are some that attach to secondary rules:

• derivations from collective common nouns such as "kingdom", "republic", "matrimony", etc.: the Key African Democracy, the Dominican Democracy, the United States, the Britain, the Soviet Union, the United Arab Emirates, including most country full names:^{[eight] [ix]} the Czech Democracy (but Czechia), the Russian federation (but Russia), the Principality of Monaco (only Monaco), the State of israel (but State of israel) and the Commonwealth of australia (but Australia).^{[ten] [eleven] [12]}
• countries in a plural noun: the Netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Union of the comoros, the Republic of the maldives, the Seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Bahamas.
• Atypical derivations from "island" or "state" that hold authoritative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Island and Norfolk Island – do not take a "the" definite article.
• derivations from mount ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an article, even for atypical, (the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[13] This usage is in decline, Gambia remains recommended whereas utilize of the Argentine for Argentine republic is considered old-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to as the Ukraine, a usage that was common during the 20th century, but this is considered incorrect and peradventure offensive in mod usage.^[14] Sudan (but the Republic of the Sudan) and South Sudan (merely the Commonwealth of Due south Sudan) are written nowadays without the article.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the near frequently used words in English language, at various times curt abbreviations for information technology have been found:

• Barred thorn: the primeval abbreviation, it is used in manuscripts in the Old English language language. It is the letter of the alphabet þ with a bold horizontal stroke through the ascender, and it represents the word þæt, meaning "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
• þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript eastward or t) appear in Middle English manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
• yͤ and yͭ are adult from þͤ and þͭ and appear in Early Modernistic manuscripts and in print (see Ye form).

Occasional proposals accept been made by individuals for an abridgement. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Printing-Surfaces, a proposal for a letter similar to Ħ to represent "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[15]

In Middle English, the (þe) was frequently abbreviated every bit a þ with a small e above it, similar to the abbreviation for that, which was a þ with a pocket-size t higher up it. During the latter Center English and Early Mod English periods, the letter thorn (þ) in its common script, or cursive class, came to resemble a y shape. As a result, the employ of a y with an e above it () equally an abbreviation became common. This tin can still be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the Rex James Version of the Bible in places such equally Romans xv:29, or in the Mayflower Meaty. Historically, the article was never pronounced with a y audio, even when and so written.

The give-and-take "The" itself, capitalised, is used equally an abbreviation in Commonwealth countries for the honorific title "The Correct Honourable", as in e.g. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", curt for "The Right Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[xvi]

References

1. ^ Norvig, Peter. "English Letter of the alphabet Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
2. ^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary.
3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Course in Phonetics (6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
4. ^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 44.
5. ^ "the, adv.1." OED Online. Oxford Academy Press, March 2016. Spider web. eleven March 2016.
6. ^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved 18 June 2015.
7. ^ "Why is it called The Hague?".
8. ^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to use".
9. ^ "FAO Country Profiles". www.fao.org.
10. ^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
11. ^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
12. ^ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names".
13. ^ Swan, Michael How English language Works, p. 25
14. ^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? past Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
15. ^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
16. ^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Accost, 21st ed., pp. 8–9. A & C Blackness, London, 2002.

Notes

1. ^ masculine, feminine, or neuter.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The

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